epidemiology

Tuberosity fractures

Definition

Definition

Intermediate grade chondroblastic osteosarcoma arising from surface of long bones

Epidemiology

Extremely rare

- 1% of all osteosarcomas

- 25% of surface osteosarcomas

Age 15-25

Location

Typically anterior proximal tibia

- diaphysis of major long bones

- humerus

Pathology

Epidemiology

National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center (2021) Facts and figures at a glance

- road traffic accident 40%

- falls 30%

- sports 10%

Chen et al Arch Phys Med Rehab 2016

- 80% male

- cervical (60%), thoracic (30%), lumbar (10%)

Femoral Neck Stress Fractures

Aetiology

Athletes with increase activity / distance

Women with eating disorders /  amenorrhea

Types

Compression / inferior neck

- < 50% protective weight bear

- > 50% emergent ORIF

Tension side / superior neck

- emergent ORIF

Epidemiology

Middle age men

Steroids / Growth Hormone

Aetiology

Usually occurs in gym

Bench Press

Clinical

Significant bruising in the acute phase

In chronic setting, ask patient to adduct against hip / resistance

Definition

Coronal plane fracture of distal femoral condyle

- intra-articular

- often only attachment is posterior capsule

Epidemiology

Rare

Mechanism

Usually a severe valgus trauma

Xray

Epidemiology

Ranges

- up to 4%

Clinical

Focal pain

- typically anterolateral thigh

- often tender

- corresponds to tip of stem

Aetiology

1.  Instability

Types

- early

- late / failed bony ingrowth

Cause

- micromotion at distal stem

Definition

Palmar Fibromatosis 

Aetiology

AD with variable penetration

Pathogenesis

Murrell's Theory of Pathogenesis

1. Microvascular ischaemia